The reprogramming of somatic cells with defined factors, which converts cells from one
lineage into cells of another, has greatly reshaped our traditional views on cell identity and …

Loss of functional β-cell mass is the key mechanism leading to the two main forms of
diabetes mellitus—type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) …

The maintenance of glucose homeostasis is fundamental for survival and health. Diabetes
develops when glucose homeostasis fails. Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is characterized by insulin …

Nerve injury triggers the conversion of myelin and non‐myelin (Remak) Schwann cells to a
cell phenotype specialized to promote repair. Distal to damage, these repair Schwann cells …

The pancreas is made from two distinct components: the exocrine pancreas, a reservoir of
digestive enzymes, and the endocrine islets, the source of the vital metabolic hormone …

Islets of Langerhans are islands of endocrine cells scattered throughout the pancreas. A
number of new studies have pointed to the potential for conversion of non-β islet cells in to …

Impaired function of pancreatic islet cells is a major cause of metabolic dysregulation and
disease in humans. Despite this, it remains challenging to directly link physiological …

Schwann cells respond to nerve injury by cellular reprogramming that generates cells
specialized for promoting regeneration and repair. These repair cells clear redundant …

Cell-identity switches, in which terminally differentiated cells are converted into different cell
types when stressed, represent a widespread regenerative strategy in animals, yet they are …

Type 1 diabetes is characterized by the destruction of pancreatic β cells, and generating
new insulin-producing cells from other cell types is a major aim of regenerative medicine …