Children exposed to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and pervasive interpersonal
traumas may go on to develop PTSD and, in most cases, will further undergo a significant …

Abstract Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) has been associated with altered
hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis functioning. However, evidence is inconsistent …

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are complex early stressors that may disrupt normal
developmental processes in each area of the biopsychosocial model. Specifically, ACEs …

Objective: Difficulties with dissociation and emotion regulation are well-documented
reactions to early adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). Although findings identify …

Introduction Insecure attachment styles and immature or neurotic defense mechanisms are
related to psychological distress. However, their mutual interaction in influencing …

Objective: The present paper elaborates a process perspective of change in psychotherapy
for personality disorders (PDs). Firstly, the paper reviews the literature of mechanisms of …

Current conceptualisations of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are driven by biological,
learning, and cognitive models that have shaped current treatments of the disorder. The …

Objective Considering the fact that the teaching profession is a highly stressful occupation
and that teachers' ineffective coping strategies contribute to higher levels of stress, the …

Alteration in cortisol response to acute social stressors has been hypothesized to mediate
childhood adversities (CA) and increased morbidity in adulthood. However, the evidence …

Background Most people will experience a traumatic event in their lifetime, but only a subset
(< 10%) will develop posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Objective To facilitate prevention …