The bottom-up assembly of biological and chemical components opens exciting
opportunities to engineer artificial vesicular systems for applications with previously unmet …

Nucleic acids have attracted widespread attention due to the simplicity with which they can
be designed to form discrete structures and programmed to perform specific functions at the …

We report DNA-and RNA-like systems built from eight nucleotide “letters”(hence the name
“hachimoji”) that form four orthogonal pairs. These synthetic systems meet the structural …

Background CCR5 is the major coreceptor for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). We
investigated whether site-specific modification of the gene (“gene editing”)—in this case, the …

Over the past thirty years, a new systemic conception of life has emerged at the forefront of
science. New emphasis has been given to complexity, networks, and patterns of …

Generative adversarial networks (GANs) represent an attractive and novel approach to
generate realistic data, such as genes, proteins or drugs, in synthetic biology. Here, we …

The inability to predict heterologous gene expression levels precisely hinders our ability to
engineer biological systems. Using well-characterized regulatory elements offers a potential …

Engineered biological systems have been used to manipulate information, construct
materials, process chemicals, produce energy, provide food, and help maintain or enhance …

Molecular programming aims to systematically engineer molecular and chemical systems of
autonomous function and ever-increasing complexity. A key goal is to develop embedded …

Addressing the emergence of life from a systems biology perspective, this new edition has
undergone extensive revision, reflecting changes in scientific understanding and evolution …