In the first paper in this Series we assessed theoretical and empirical evidence and
concluded that the health of people living in slums is a function not only of poverty but of …

There is scarce research and programmatic evidence on the effect of poor water, sanitation,
and hygiene (WASH) conditions of the physical environment on early child cognitive …

In 2017, an estimated 1 in every 4 (23%) children aged< 5 years were stunted worldwide.
With slow progress in stunting reduction in many regions and the realization that a large …

Background Water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) interventions are frequently
implemented to reduce infectious diseases, and may be linked to improved nutrition …

Background Diarrhoea accounts for 1.8 million deaths in children in low‐and middle‐income
countries (LMICs). One of the identified strategies to prevent diarrhoea is hand washing …

Background Faltering in linear growth and neurobehavioural development during early
childhood are often assumed to have common causes because of their consistent …

Close to 100 million Indonesians lack access to improved sanitation, while 33 million live
without improved drinking water. Indonesia is home to the second largest number of open …

Introduction Enteric infections are common during the first years of life in low-income
countries and contribute to growth faltering with long-term impairment of health and …

Background Lack of access to and use of water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) cause 1.6
million deaths every year, of which 1.2 million are due to gastrointestinal illnesses like …

Background In low-and middle-income countries (L&MICs), the biggest contributing factors
to the global burden of disease in childhood are deaths due to respiratory illness and …