The large volumes of oily wastewater generated by various industries, such as oil and gas,
food and beverage, and metal processing, need to be de-oiled prior to being discharged into …

The difficulties associated with transportation and refining of crude oil emulsions and
produced water discharge limitations are among the conspicuous clues that have led the …

Separation of liquid–liquid emulsions is a challenging problem that has gained importance
with the development of unconventional oil resources. Large volumes of water contaminated …

Membrane separation processes have become an emerging technology for the treatment of
oily wastewater due to high oil removal efficiency and relatively facile operational process …

Electrocoagulation is a simple and efficient treatment method involving the
electrodissolution of sacrificial anodes and formation of hydroxo-metal products as …

Due to highly adhesive property, crude oil is easier to adhere on foul filtration membranes.
Separation of crude oil‐in‐water emulsion is a continuing tough work. Hydrogels with low …

While the world faces an increased scarcity in fresh water supply, it is of great importance
that water from industry and waste streams can be treated for re-use. One of the largest …

Produced water (PW) is a by-product of oil and gas operations, and its production is
foreseen to increase in the upcoming years. Such an increase is justified by various entities …

The treatment of wastewater from the oil and gas industry presents a very specific problem
because the wastewater produced is comprised of a complex mixture of oil and water that …

Petroleum industry wastewater contains high level of crude oil and other types of organic
substances that can cause immense harm to the agriculture, aquatic as well as terrestrial …