In recent years, powerful genetic code reprogramming methods have emerged that allow
new functional components to be embedded into proteins as noncanonical amino acid …

Metalloenzymes catalyze a variety of reactions using a limited number of natural amino
acids and metallocofactors. Therefore, the environment beyond the primary coordination …

The bottom-up assembly of biological and chemical components opens exciting
opportunities to engineer artificial vesicular systems for applications with previously unmet …

The incorporation of a synthetic, catalytically competent metallocofactor into a protein
scaffold to generate an artificial metalloenzyme (ArM) has been explored since the late …

The emergence of robust methods to expand the genetic code allows incorporation of non-
canonical amino acids into the polypeptide chain of proteins, thus making it possible to …

The two main strategies for enzyme engineering, directed evolution and rational design,
have found widespread applications in improving the intrinsic activities of proteins. Although …

Heme-copper oxidases (HCOs) are terminal enzymes on the mitochondrial or bacterial
respiratory electron transport chain, which utilize a unique heterobinuclear active site to …

The goal of xenobiology is to design biological systems endowed with unusual biochemical
functions, whereas enzymology concerns the study of enzymes, the workhorses of …

Over the past two decades, genetic code expansion (GCE)-enabled methods for
incorporating noncanonical amino acids (ncAAs) into proteins have significantly advanced …

Carbon–carbon bond formation is the key reaction for organic synthesis to construct the
carbon framework of organic molecules. The review gives a selection of biocatalytic C–C …