With the use of contemporary tools and techniques, it has become possible to more
precisely tune the biochemical mechanisms associated with using nonviral vectors for gene …

The devastating effects of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic have made
clear a global necessity for antiviral strategies. Most fatalities associated with infection from …

Activation of the TLR4 signaling pathway by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) leads to induction of
both inflammatory and interferon-stimulated genes, but the mechanisms through which …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a major class of pattern recognition receptors, which mediate
the responses of innate immune cells to microbial stimuli. To systematically determine the …

Biologically active small molecules can impart modulatory effects, in some cases providing
extended long-term memory. In a screen of biologically active small molecules for regulators …

Therapeutic proteins can contain multiple impurities, some of which are variants of the
product, while others are derived from the cell substrate and the manufacturing process …

A typical pathogen presents a combination of Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands during
infection. Although individual TLR pathways have been well characterized, the nature of …

Nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) is a key transcription factor in the regulation of the innate
immune inflammatory response in activated macrophages. NF-κB functions as a homo-or …

Noncanonical inflammasome activation by cytosolic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a critical
component of the host response to Gram-negative bacteria. Cytosolic LPS recognition in …

The innate immune system initiates early response to infection by sensing molecular
patterns of infection through pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs). Previous work on PRR …