African American/Black adults are twice as likely to have Alzheimer's disease (AD)
compared to non-Hispanic White adults. Genetics partially contributes to this disparity in AD …

Background Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) plays a central role in Alzheimer's disease
(AD) pathology, making biologic TNF-α inhibitors (TNFIs), including etanercept, viable …

Background Ischemia can induce rapid activation of microglia in the brain. As key
immunocompetent cells, reactive microglia play an important role in pathological …

Background Microglial activation-mediated neuroinflammation is a major contributor to early
brain injury (EBI) after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). MicroRNA-124 (miR-124) is the …

All of the common neurodegenerative disorders—Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease,
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and prion diseases—are characterized by accumulation of …

Background Germinal matrix hemorrhage (GMH) is defined by the rupture of immature blood
vessels in the germinal matrix, where subsequent hemorrhage enters the subependymal …

Background Accumulating data suggest a central role for brain microglia in mediating
cortical neuronal death in Alzheimer's disease (AD), and for Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) in …

Abstract Background Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a nuclear receptor that plays a critical
role in controlling cell apoptosis in diverse diseases. Previous studies have shown that …

Background Microglia are essential to maintain cell homeostasis in the healthy brain and
are activated after brain injury. Upon activation, microglia polarize towards different …

Background Aging and age-related diseases are strong risk factors for the development of
neurodegenerative diseases. Neuroinflammation (NIF), as the brain's immune response …