Produced water is a significant waste stream that can be treated and reused; however, the
removal of production chemicals—such as those added in hydraulic fracturing—must be …

Chemical additives used for hydraulic fracturing and matrix acidizing of oil reservoirs were
reviewed and priority chemicals of concern needing further environmental risk assessment …

The potential hazards and risks associated with well-stimulation in unconventional oil and
gas development (hydraulic fracturing, acid fracturing, and matrix acidizing) have been …

The San Joaquin Valley (SJV) in California is one of the most agriculturally productive
regions in the world relying in part on groundwater for irrigation and for domestic or …

Accidental releases (ie, spills) of produced water can occur at any point during oil and gas
development operations, potentially resulting in chronic and/or catastrophic loadings of …

Unconventional oil and gas development uses the subsurface injection of large amounts of
a variety of industrial chemicals, and there are concerns about the return of these chemical …

Oil field produced water has been used to irrigate food crops in the Cawelo Water District
since the mid-1990s. The practice has recently been expanded to the North Kern Water …

Oil and gas shales have become important components of energy production, particularly
shale gas, which rose from almost nothing in an early century to nearly 30% of natural gas …

The Center for Biological Diversity (“Center”) is a non-profit environmental organization
dedicated to the protection of native species and their habitats through science, policy, and …

The Center for Biological Diversity is a national, nonprofit conservation organization with
over 1.6 million members and online activists dedicated to the protection of endangered …