The first flare on the Sun was observed exactly 150 years ago. During most of the long
history, only secondary effects have been noticed, so flares remained a riddle. Now the …

From spacecraft data, it is evident that electron pressure anisotropy develops in collisionless
plasmas. This is in contrast to the results of theoretical investigations, which suggest this …

The first self-consistent simulations of electron acceleration during magnetic reconnection in
a macroscale system are presented. Consistent with solar flare observations, the spectra of …

Shock waves, as shown by simulations and observations, can generate high levels of
downstream vortical turbulence, including magnetic islands. We consider a combination of …

Reconnection is the process by which stress in the field of a magnetized plasma is reduced
by a topological rearrangement of its magnetic-field lines. The process is often accompanied …

Magnetic reconnection, in which magnetic field lines break and reconnect to change their
topology, occurs throughout the universe. The essential feature of reconnection is that it …

We present the first study of the formation and dissipation of current sheets at electron scales
in a wave-driven, weakly collisional, three-dimensional kinetic turbulence simulation. We …

The role and properties of lower hybrid waves in the ion diffusion region and
magnetospheric inflow region of asymmetric reconnection are investigated using the …

Particles are accelerated to very high, non-thermal energies during explosive energy-
release phenomena in space, solar, and astrophysical plasma environments. While it has …

We explore the role of heliospheric magnetic field configurations and conditions that favor
the generation and confinement of small-scale magnetic islands associated with atypical …