Leaf margins are complex plant morphological features that contribute to leaf shape
diversity, which affects plant structure, yield, and adaptation. Although several leaf margin …

Despite the fact that imbalance between case and control groups is prevalent in genome-
wide association studies (GWAS), it is often overlooked. This imbalance is getting more …

The rapid advancement of functional data in various application fields has increased the
demand for advanced statistical approaches that can incorporate complex structures and …

As a highly resistant urban ornamental plant, Elaeagnus angustifolia L. is often used in dry
land, saline-alkali land shelter forest, and landscape horticulture. It is the main windbreak …

Key message Leaf symmetry and leaf size are explained by genetic variation between and
within lineages and to a lesser extent by climatic factors, while leaf asymmetry can only be …

Leaf thickness is a quantitative trait that is associated with the ability of plants to occupy dry,
high irradiance environments. Despite its importance, leaf thickness has been difficult to …

Plant phenotypic characteristics, especially leaf morphology of leaves, are an important
indicator for species identification. However, leaf shape can be extraordinarily complex in …

In this study, we used leaf geometric morphometrics to quantify the differences among
Quercus cerris L. and Quercus frainetto Ten. and their populations in the Šumadija region in …

The root system is important for the absorption of water and nutrients by plants. Cultivating
and selecting a root system architecture (RSA) with good adaptability and ultrahigh …

Background: The present study investigated the association of interactions between gene
polymorphisms in metabolic 'caretaker'genes (Phase I: CYP1A1, CYP2E1; Phase II: GSTM1 …