Ethylene glycol poisoning, while uncommon, is clinically significant due to the associated
risk of severe morbidity or lethality and it continues to occur in many countries around the …

Introduction: Serum osmolality is an essential laboratory parameter to understand several
clinical disorders such as electrolyte disturbances, exogenous intoxication and hydration …

Background: A newly-developed vasopressin type 2 receptor antagonist, tolvaptan (TLV),
has a unique feature of diuresis, but the response to this drug can be unpredictable …

OBJECTIVE:: To derive a formula that can be used (i) to calculate osmolality in normal
patients as well as those that are hyperglycemic and intoxicated, and (ii) to predict the …

Background: There are several methods for calculating serum osmolality, and their
accordance with measured osmolality is the subject of controversy. Methods: The …

Background/Aims: To evaluate changes in macular thickness measured by optical
coherence tomography (OCT) during a hemodialysis (HD) session in diabetic patients with …

Objective Most data regarding high blood alcohol concentrations (BAC)≥ 400 mg/dL have
been from alcohol poisoning deaths. Few studies have described this group and reported …

Background The osmole gap is used routinely as a screening test for the presence of
exogenous osmotically active substances, such as the toxic alcohols ethylene glycol and …

Ichthyophthirius multifiliis is a major pathogen that causes a high mortality rate in trout farms.
However, systemic responses to the pathogen and its interactions with multiple organs …

Background Patients ingesting ethylene glycol, isopropanol, methanol, and propylene glycol
('toxic alcohols') often present with non-specific signs and symptoms. Definitive diagnosis of …