Microglia are the resident brain macrophages and they have been traditionally studied as
orchestrators of the brain inflammatory response during infections and disease. In addition …

During the past decade, mechanisms involved in the immune surveillance of the central
nervous system (CNS) have moved to the forefront of neuropathological research mainly …

The critical role of neuroinflammation in favoring and accelerating the pathogenic process in
Alzheimer's disease (AD) increased the need to target the cerebral innate immune cells as a …

Glycosylation is essential to brain development and function, but prior studies have often
been limited to a single analytical technique and excluded region-and sex-specific analyses …

Brain sexual differentiation in rodents results from the perinatal testicular androgen surge. In
the preoptic area (POA), estradiol aromatized from testosterone upregulates the production …

The nature of microglia fascinated many prominent researchers in the 19th and early 20th
centuries, and in a classic treatise in 1932, Pio del Rio-Hortega formulated a number of …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder of the central nervous system
associated with progressive cognitive and memory loss. Molecular hallmarks of the disease …

One of the theories involved in the etiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the oxidative
stress hypothesis. The amyloid β-peptide (Aβ), a hallmark in the pathogenesis of AD and the …

Neurotherapeutics for the treatment of central nervous system (CNS) disorders must
overcome challenges relating to the blood-brain barrier (BBB), brain tissue penetration, and …

Astrocytes and microglia associate to amyloid plaques, a pathological hallmark of Alzheimer
disease. Microglia are activated by and can phagocytose β-amyloid (Aβ). Scavenger …