Patterns of environmental spatial structure lie at the heart of the most fundamental and
familiar patterns of diversity on Earth. Antarctica contains some of the strongest …

Antarctica is a continent locked in ice, with almost 99.7% of current terrain covered by
permanent ice and snow, and clear evidence that, as recently as the Last Glacial Maximum …

To understand how planet Earth works we study it increasingly as a system–a collection of
interdependent parts or spheres–the lithosphere, the hydrosphere, the cryosphere, the …

The isolation of the Southern Ocean after the opening of Drake Passage some 23–25 million
years ago, the formation of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, the subsequent cooling of the …

The crustacean order Isopoda (excluding Asellota, crustacean symbionts and freshwater
taxa) comprise 3154 described marine species in 379 genera in 37 families according to the …

Environmental conditions fostering marine communities around Antarctica differ
fundamentally from those in the rest of the world's oceans, particularly in terms of …

The Antarctic biota is highly endemic, and the diversity and abundance of taxonomic groups
differ from elsewhere in the world. Such characteristics have resulted from evolution in …

Bathymetric biodiversity patterns of marine benthic invertebrates and demersal fishes have
been identified in the extant fauna of the deep continental margins. Depth zonation is …

Predictions of sensitivity to climate change of polar benthos vary markedly depending on
whether physiological or ecological/biodiversity criteria are considered. A realistic …

Three hundred and fifty specimens of the endemic Southern Ocean octopus genus
Pareledone, were sequenced for the barcoding gene COI. Geographic coverage comprised …