Human-elephant conflict is a major conservation concern in elephant range countries. A
variety of management strategies have been developed and are practiced at different scales …

Exclusion fencing is a common tool used to mitigate a variety of unwanted economic losses
caused by problematic wildlife. While the potential for agricultural, ecological and economic …

The influence of protected areas on the growth of African savannah elephant populations is
inadequately known. Across southern Africa, elephant numbers grew at 0.16% annually for …

Physical barriers, such as rivers and roads, constrain the movement of animals, usually by
preventing access to adjacent habitats and impeding dispersal. Fences are artificial barriers …

Background The identification of temporal thresholds or shifts in animal movement informs
ecologists of changes in an animal's behaviour, which contributes to an understanding of …

Elephant are believed to be one of the main ecological drivers in the conversion of savanna
woodlands to grassland. We assessed the impacts of elephant on large trees (≥ 5 m in …

Elephant and fire are considered to be among the most important agents that can modify the
African savanna ecosystem. Although the synergistic relationship between these two key …

Aim Artificial water points are often used in protected savanna ecosystems to maintain
populations of large herbivores. However, these interventions lead to increased ranging and …

Under harsh Pleistocene climates, migration and other forms of seasonally patterned
landscape use were likely critical for reproductive success of mastodons (Mammut …

The vegetation dynamics of the savanna ecosystem are driven by complex interactions
between biotic and abiotic factors, and thus are expected to exhibit emergent properties of …