The biophysical determinants related to swimming performance are one of the most
attractive topics within swimming science. The aim of this paper was to do an update of the …

The energy expended to transport the body over a given distance (C, the energy cost)
increases with speed both on land and in water. At any given speed, C is lower on land (eg …

The purpose of the present study was to determine the relative contribution of the aerobic
(Aer), anaerobic lactic (AnL) and alactic (AnAl) energy sources during each of the four laps …

The purpose of this study was to measure and compare the total energy expenditure of the
four competitive swimming strokes. Twenty-six swimmers of international level were …

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the intra-cycle variation
of the horizontal velocity of displacement (d V) and the energy cost (EC) in butterfly stroke …

The purpose of this study was to analyse the effects of an exhaustive exercise on arm
coordination and intracyclic velocity variations (IVV) to better understand the ways in which …

The purpose of this study was to analyse stroke phases, arm‐leg coordination and trunk
motion fluctuation during breaststroke in elite male and female 50, 100 and 200m events at …

Intracycle velocity variation is a swimming relevant research topic, focusing on
understanding the interaction between hydrodynamic propulsive and drag forces. We have …

The aim of this study was to assess stroke rate variability in elite female swimmers (200-m
events, all four techniques) by comparing the semi-finalists at the Athens 2004 Olympic …

Objectives Strength and speed are 2 major factors that determine a swimmer's sprint
performance, especially swim sprint performance and swim starts. This study identified and …