Internal seawater systems (ISS) are critical to the proper functioning of maritime vessels. Sea
water is pumped on board ships for a broad array of uses, primarily for temperature control …

Propagule pressure plays a key role in the successful establishment of introduced species.
Explaining invasion patterns, predicting future invasions and reducing invasion rates are …

ABSTRACT The Laurentian Great Lakes basin has been invaded by at least 182 non‐
indigenous species. A new invader is discovered every 28 weeks, which is the highest rate …

We assembled information on 119 species of freshwater macroinvertebrate invaders in
North America and Europe, and compared them to all native freshwater species in North …

Abstract The Great Lakes‐St Lawrence River basin is the world's most invaded freshwater
system. Ballast water release from transoceanic shipping is deemed responsible for 65% of …

Today global shipping transports over 90% of the world's overseas trade and trends
anticipate that it will continue to play an increasing role world-wide. Shipping operations …

The global transhipment of ballast water and associated flora and fauna by cargo vessels
has increased dramatically in recent decades. Invertebrate species are frequently carried in …

Widespread non-native species tend to demonstrate an apparent lack of selectivity in habitat
requirements, feeding regimes, and reproductive needs, while displaying a tendency to …

Most ships entering the Great Lakes carry cargo and declare “no-ballast-on board”(NOBOB)
status. Approximately 250 of these vessels annually load Great Lakes' ballast water when …

Ballast water is a major vector of nonindigenous species invasion globally. Mandatory
ballast water exchange (BWE) was implemented for vessels carrying ballast water into the …