The use of vaccines have resulted in a remarkable improvement in global health. It has
saved several lives, reduced treatment costs and raised the quality of animal and human …

Background Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies are being used to predict
antimicrobial resistance. The field is evolving rapidly and transitioning out of the research …

Surveillance of drug-resistant bacteria is essential for healthcare providers to deliver
effective empirical antibiotic therapy. However, traditional molecular epidemiology does not …

Background Africa has the highest incidence of gonorrhea in the world. However, little is
known about gonococcal populations in this continent or mechanisms of antimicrobial …

Background Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major threat to global public health because
it makes standard treatments ineffective and contributes to the spread of infections. It is …

The genus Neisseria includes two pathogenic species, N. gonorrhoeae and N. meningitidis,
and numerous commensal species. Neisseria species frequently exchange DNA with one …

Background The increasing rate of antimicrobial-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae poses a
considerable public health threat due to the difficulty in treating gonococcal infections. This …

Numbers of infections with Neisseria gonorrhoeae are among the top three sexually
transmitted infections (STI) worldwide. In addition, the emergence and spread of …

Transposable elements (TEs) play a pivotal role in the evolution of genomes across all life
domains.'Miniature Inverted-repeat Transposable-Elements'(MITEs) are non-autonomous …

The most common environmental pollutants such as cadmium (Cd), glyphosate and
tetracycline have led to profoundly adverse impacts on plant productivity. However, how …