Biochar produced from the thermochemical conversion of biomass, provides a green and
sustainable platform for the preparation of various functional carbon materials (porous …

Thermochemical processes, which include pyrolysis, torrefaction, gasification, combustion,
and hydrothermal conversions, are perceived to be more efficient in converting waste …

The rapid increase in population has been identified as one of the main reasons for the
abundance generation of municipal solid waste (MSW), which could be advantageous when …

Indonesia is the world's largest palm oil producing country. The oil palm industry (plantation
and milling) generates large amounts of solid waste in the form of empty fruit bunches (EFB) …

The torrefaction process enhances the quality of raw biomass and has gained widespread
attention as an effective technique in energy production. Therefore, the estimation of …

Torrefaction is a pretreatment method that converts biomass to a fuel-like substance that can
replace coal for sustainable power generation. In this work, a thermodynamic-based process …

Torrefaction is one of the most important pretreatment processes to improve the quality of
biomass as fuel and overcome its disadvantages. Predicting the chemical exergy of torrefied …

Torrefaction kinetics is fundamental for the theoretical investigation and industrial
application of torrefaction processes. Most of biomass torrefaction kinetic studies focused on …

This paper focused on comparing the impact of two different chemical pretreatments on
various characteristics of OPEFBs (ie, physical, structural, and morphological properties) …

Empty fruit bunches (EFB), after fruits-bunches separation, are highly potential as an energy
source. However, due to some inherited inferior fuel properties such as bulk density …