The blood vessels vascularizing the central nervous system exhibit a series of distinct
properties that tightly control the movement of ions, molecules, and cells between the blood …

The history of brain drug delivery is reviewed beginning with the first demonstration, in 1914,
that a drug for syphilis, salvarsan, did not enter the brain, due to the presence of a blood …

Central nervous system (CNS) barriers predominantly mediate the immune-privileged status
of the brain, and are also important regulators of neuroimmune communication. It is …

The barrier between the blood and the ventricular cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is located at the
choroid plexuses. At the interface between two circulating fluids, these richly vascularized …

Introduction Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) and septic encephalitis (SE) are
associated with increased mortality, long-term cognitive impairment, and focal neurological …

During the past 30 yr, investigating the physiology of eating behaviors has generated a truly
vast literature. This is fueled in part by a dramatic increase in obesity and its comorbidities …

Molecules involved in innate immunity affect sleep and circadian oscillators and vice versa.
Sleep-inducing inflammatory molecules are activated by increased waking activity and …

Profound and debilitating fatigue is the most common complaint reported among individuals
with autoimmune disease, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis, type 1 …

The increasing occurrence of obesity has become a significant public health concern.
Individuals with obesity have higher prevalence of heart disease, stroke, osteoarthritis …

In dorsal root ganglia (DRG), macrophages reside close to sensory neurons and have
largely been explored in the context of pain, nerve injury, and repair. However, we …