There is a rapidly growing body of evidence that production of microvesicles (MVs) is a
universal feature of cellular life. MVs can incorporate microRNA (miRNA), mRNA, mtDNA …

Leishmania spp., the causative agents of leishmaniasis, are intracellular parasites,
transmitted to humans via the bite of their sand fly vectors. Once inoculated, the …

Exosomes are small vesicles of endocytic origin, which are released into the extracellular
environment and mediate a variety of physiological and pathological conditions. Here we …

Parasites are the cause of major diseases affecting billions of people. As the inflictions
caused by these parasites affect mainly developing countries, they are considered as …

In addition of their usual intracellular localization where they are involved in catalyzing
reactions of carbohydrate and energy metabolism by glycolysis, multiple studies have …

Background Despite being important thermal dimorphic fungi causing
Paracoccidioidomycosis, the pathogenic mechanisms that underlie the genus …

The interaction of pathogenic bacteria with the host fibrinolytic system through the
plasminogen molecule has been well documented. It has been shown, using animal …

Plasmin is the final product of the fibrinolytic system, the physiological mechanism
responsible for dissolving fibrin clots. Its broad-range proteolytic activity implies that …

Clonorchis sinensis has been classified as group I biological carcinogen for
cholangiocarcinoma by the World Health Organization. Biological studies on …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have lately emerged as crucial mediators in parasite infections.
Recent research suggests that protozoan parasites, including Leishmania, employ EVs as …