Envelope biogenesis and homeostasis in gram-negative bacteria are exceptionally intricate
processes that require a multitude of periplasmic chaperones to ensure cellular survival …

The Gram-negative envelope is a complex structure that consists of the inner membrane, the
periplasm, peptidoglycan and the outer membrane, and protects the bacterial cell from the …

The development of new antimicrobial drugs is a priority to combat the increasing spread of
multidrug-resistant bacteria. This development is especially problematic in gram-negative …

The Gram-negative bacterial envelope is an essential interface between the intracellular
and harsh extracellular environment. Envelope stress responses (ESRs) are crucial to the …

Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are the main components of the external leaflet of the Gram-
negative outer membrane and consist of three different moieties: lipid A, core …

Gram-negative bacteria shield themselves from antibiotics by producing an outer membrane
(OM) that forms a formidable permeability barrier. Multidrug resistance among these …

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen able to infect any human tissue.
One of the reasons for its high adaptability and colonization of host tissues is its capacity of …

The periplasmic chaperone SurA plays a key role in outer membrane protein (OMP)
biogenesis. E. coli SurA comprises a core domain and two peptidylprolyl isomerase …

Gram-negative bacteria have an outer membrane (OM) impermeable to many toxic
compounds that can be further strengthened during stress. In Enterobacteriaceae, the …

Highlights•A network of biogenesis pathways builds the Gram-negative bacterial cell
envelope.•ESRs monitor envelope integrity and biogenesis during normal growth and …