Over more than a century of research has established the fact that sleep benefits the
retention of memory. In this review we aim to comprehensively cover the field of “sleep and …

This paper is the thirty-ninth consecutive installment of the annual review of research
concerning the endogenous opioid system. It summarizes papers published during 2016 …

Methods This study included 100 patients with tramadol abuse and 100 control subjects
(matched for age, sex, and education) who were recruited from Zagazig University Hospital …

The precise neurobiological mechanisms of tramadol abuse underlying the cognitive
function are still unknown. The aim of the present study was to examine the possible effects …

The synaptic homeostasis theory of sleep proposes that low neurotransmitter activity in
sleep optimizes memory consolidation. We tested this theory by asking whether increasing …

Rationale Tramadol and ethanol, as psychoactive agents, are often abused. Discovering the
molecular pathways of drug-induced memory creation may contribute to preventing drug …

Purpose Cognitive disorders are associated with valproate and drugs used to treat
neuropsychological diseases. Cannabidiol (CBD) has beneficial effects on cognitive …

It is well established that newly acquired information is stabilized over time by processes
underlying memory consolidation, these events can be impaired by many drug treatments …

Rationale Tramadol, an atypical μ-opioid receptor agonist, as a psychoactive drug, is
frequently abused by human beings. Understanding the neurobiological mechanisms of …

Background: Tramadol, one of the most common opioid pain relievers, acts upon the µ-
receptor in the central nervous system (CNS) to alleviate pain associated with various …