Oxidative stress is a component of many diseases, including atherosclerosis, chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease, Alzheimer disease and cancer. Although numerous small …

The effects of pathogenic organisms on host intestinal epithelial cells are vast. Innumerable
signalling pathways are triggered leading ultimately to drastic changes in physiological …

The notion that electrophiles serve as messengers in cell signaling is now widely accepted.
Nonetheless, major issues restrain acceptance of redox homeostasis and redox signaling as …

Stimulation of macrophages by a variety of agents causes activation of mitogen-activated
protein kinases (MAPKs). Activation of MAPKs by lipopolysaccharide involves CD14 and …

The physiological role of ceramide formation in response to cell stimulation remains
controversial. Here, we emphasize that ceramide is not a priori an apoptotic signalling …

Lung vascular endothelial barrier disruption and the accompanying inflammation are
primary pathogenic features of acute lung injury (ALI); however, the basis for the …

Endotoxin-induced cytokine gene transcription in monocytes and macrophages is regulated
in part by NF-κB. We have previously shown that the p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) …

Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV), also known as the von Euler–Liljestrand
mechanism, is an essential response of the pulmonary vasculature to acute and sustained …

We previously reported that gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activates cells
via Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4, whereas the mycobacterial cell wall glycolipid …

Airway epithelial cells are unresponsive to endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide (LPS)) exposure
under normal conditions. This study demonstrates that respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) …