Mechanical properties of extracellular matrices (ECMs) regulate essential cell behaviours,
including differentiation, migration and proliferation, through mechanotransduction. Studies …

Abstract Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), a stromal cell population with cell-of-origin,
phenotypic and functional heterogeneity, are the most essential components of the tumor …

Tumor microenvironment (TME) is a specialized ecosystem of host components, designed
by tumor cells for successful development and metastasis of tumor. With the advent of 3D …

Oncolytic viruses (OVs) have attracted growing awareness in the twenty-first century, as they
are generally considered to have direct oncolysis and cancer immune effects. With the …

The traditional two-dimensional (2D) in vitro cell culture system (on a flat support) has long
been used in cancer research. However, this system cannot be fully translated into clinical …

Organotypic models of patient-specific tumours are revolutionizing our understanding of
cancer heterogeneity and its implications for personalized medicine. These advancements …

BACKGROUND Historically, cancer has been considered a disease of the cell, caused by
mutations in genes that control proliferation, differentiation, and death. In recent decades …

Macrophages perform diverse functions within tissues during immune responses to
pathogens and injury, but molecular mechanisms by which physical properties of the tissue …

Solid tumors are complex organ-like structures that consist not only of tumor cells but also of
vasculature, extracellular matrix (ECM), stromal, and immune cells. Often, this tumor …

Among all the stromal cells that present in the tumor microenvironment, cancer-associated
fibroblasts (CAFs) are one of the most abundant and critical components of the tumor …