Tripartite efflux pumps and the related type 1 secretion systems (T1SSs) in Gram-negative
organisms are diverse in function, energization, and structural organization. They form …

Flagellar and translocation-associated type III secretion (T3S) systems are present in most
Gram-negative plant-and animal-pathogenic bacteria and are often essential for bacterial …

The bacterial flagellum is a reversible rotary motor powered by an electrochemical-potential
difference of specific ions across the cytoplasmic membrane. The H+-driven motor of …

The Type III secretion system (T3SS) is a protein export pathway that is widespread in Gram-
negative bacteria and delivers effector proteins directly into eukaryotic cells. At its core lie …

The proteins that form the bacterial flagellum are translocated to its distal end through the
central channel of the growing flagellum by the flagellar-specific protein export apparatus, a …

For construction of the bacterial flagellum, which is responsible for bacterial motility, the
flagellar type III export apparatus utilizes both ATP and proton motive force across the …

Flagellar proteins of bacteria are exported by a specific export apparatus. FliI ATPase forms
a complex with FliH and FliJ and escorts export substrates from the cytoplasm to the export …

For self-assembly of the bacterial flagellum, a specific protein export apparatus utilizes ATP
and proton motive force (PMF) as the energy source to transport component proteins to the …

Most motile bacteria utilize the flagellar type III secretion system (fT3SS) to construct the
flagellum, which is a supramolecular motility machine consisting of basal body rings and an …

For construction of the bacterial flagellum, FliI ATPase forms the FliH2-FliI complex in the
cytoplasm and localizes to the flagellar basal body (FBB) through the interaction of FliH with …