Small RNAs (also referred to as small noncoding RNAs, sncRNA) are defined as polymeric
ribonucleic acid molecules that are less than 200 nucleotides in length and serve a variety of …

Drug resistance in cancer cells significantly diminishes treatment efficacy, leading to
recurrence and metastasis. A critical factor contributing to this resistance is the epigenetic …

Metals are common toxic environmental pollutants. Acute or chronic exposure to metal
pollutants causes severe adverse health effects in animals and humans, such as …

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with nucleophosmin 1 (NPM1) mutations exhibits distinct
biological and clinical features, accounting for approximately one-third of AML. Recently, the …

The splicing of transfer RNA (tRNA) introns is a critical step of tRNA maturation, for intron‐
containing tRNAs. In eukaryotes, tRNA splicing is a multi‐step process that relies on several …

Mitochondria are important organelles whose primary role is generating energy through the
oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system. Cardiomyopathy, a common clinical disorder …

Methyluridine (m5U) is one of the most abundant RNA modifications found in cytosolic tRNA.
tRNA methyltransferase 2 homolog A (hTRMT2A) is the dedicated mammalian enzyme for …

Skeletal muscle cells (myofibers) require multiple nuclei to support a cytoplasmic volume
that is larger than other mononuclear cell types. It is dogmatic that mammalian resident …

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), such as atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases, heart
failure (HF), and acute coronary syndrome, represent a significant threat to global health and …

The potential to modify individual nucleotides through chemical means in order to impact the
electrostatic charge, hydrophobic properties, and base pairing of RNA molecules is …