Tobacco use disorder continues to be a leading public health issue and cause of premature
death in the United States. Nicotine is considered as the major tobacco alkaloid causing …

After recognizing its ligand lipopolysaccharide, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) recruits adaptor
proteins to the cell membrane, thereby initiating downstream signaling and triggering …

A plethora of evidence supports that nicotine, the primary alkaloid in tobacco products that is
generally accepted to be responsible for maintaining use, is immunoregulatory and may …

The phenotype of tumor-associated macrophages plays an important role in their function of
regulating the tumor immune microenvironment. The M1-phenotype macrophages display …

Surface-associated microbe contamination by Gram-negative bacteria poses a serious
problem in medical care. Cationic peptides or polymers are the main materials used for …

Nicotine and alcohol co-use is extremely common and their use constitutes two of the most
common causes of preventable death, yet the underlying biological mechanisms are largely …

Disruptions in the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway are linked to chronic
inflammation, neuropathic pain, and drug addiction.(+)-Naltrexone, an opioid-derived TLR4 …

Neuropathic pain is a common and challenging neurological disease, which renders an
unmet need for safe and effective new therapies. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expressed on …

Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is pivotal as an innate immune receptor, playing a critical role in
mediating neuropathic pain and drug addiction through its regulation of the …

The COVID-19 era has prompted several researchers to search for a linkage between
COVID-19 and its associated neurological manifestation. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) acts as …