We reconstruct the timeline of the extreme space weather event of May 1921, reviewing a
wealth of reports from scientific literature, databases, newspaper reports, and reports by …

Solar flare effects (Sfe) are rapid variations in the Earth's magnetic field and are related to
the enhancement of the amount of radiation produced during Solar flare events. They mainly …

The total electron content (TEC) is an important parameter for characterizing the morphology
of the ionosphere. Modeling the ionospheric TEC accurately during the storm time could …

The strongest X-class solar flare (SF) event in 24th solar cycle, X9. 3, occurred on 6
September 2017, accompanied by earthward-directed coronal mass ejections (CMEs). Such …

There are growing concerns about the effect of solar flares on the ionosphere, mainly due to
possible deterioration or damage to our communication and navigation satellite systems. On …

This paper focuses on unique aspects of the ionospheric response at conjugate locations
over Europe and South Africa during the 7–8 September 2017 geomagnetic storm including …

In this study, the global effects of the severe geomagnetic storm on the Earth's ionosphere
on September 5–9, 2017 with Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) associated with X-9.3 flares …

Space weather driven atmospheric density variations affect low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites
during all phases of their operational lifetime. Rocket launches, re-entry events and space …

Strong solar flare events can occur even during the decay phase of the solar cycle. During
these events concurrent increases in the X-ray and Enhanced UV (EUV) fluxes and solar …

The Sun was remarkably active during the first week of September 2017 producing
numerous solar flares, solar radiation storms, and coronal mass ejections. This activity …