The clinical responses observed following treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors
(ICIs) support immunotherapy as a potential anticancer treatment. However, a large …

Myeloid cells are pivotal within the immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment. The
accumulation of tumour-modified myeloid cells derived from monocytes or neutrophils …

Cancer development and its response to therapy are regulated by inflammation, which
either promotes or suppresses tumor progression, potentially displaying opposing effects on …

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogenic population of immature
myeloid cells with immunosuppressive effects, which undergo massive expansion during …

Anti-programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) or anti-PD-ligand (L) 1 drugs, as classic immune
checkpoint inhibitors, are considered promising treatment strategies for tumors. In clinical …

The chemokine ligand CCL2 and its receptor CCR2 are implicated in the initiation and
progression of various cancers. CCL2 can activate tumour cell growth and proliferation …

CC chemokines, a subfamily of 27 chemotactic cytokines, are a component of intercellular
communication, which is crucial for the functioning of the tumor microenvironment. Although …

Simple Summary Tumor-Associated Macrophages (TAMs) play an important role in the
development of tumors, modulation of neoangiogenesis, immune suppression, and …

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are abundant, nearly accounting for 30–50% of
stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment. TAMs exhibit an immunosuppressive M2-like …

Brain macrophages include microglia in the parenchyma, border-associated macrophages
in the meningeal-choroid plexus-perivascular space, and monocyte-derived macrophages …