Biofilm is the most successful and widely distributed form of life on earth, it is not simply
structured collections of cells attached to surfaces but is a dynamic complex biological …

Following the initial freezing of sea water, sea ice is profoundly modified by the interaction of
physical, biological and chemical processes to form an extremely heterogeneous semi-solid …

The Dallol volcano and its associated hydrothermal field are located in a remote area of the
northern Danakil Depression in Ethiopia, a region only recently appraised after decades of …

Abstract Space experiments are a technically challenging but a scientifically important part
of astrobiology and astrochemistry research. The International Space Station (ISS) is an …

The broadly halotolerant green alga, Picochlorum strain SENEW3, has a highly reduced
nuclear genome of 13.5 Mbp that encodes only 7367 genes. It was isolated from a shallow …

Work teams increasingly face unprecedented challenges in volatile, uncertain, complex, and
often ambiguous environments. In response, team researchers have begun to focus more on …

Virus research has advanced significantly since the discovery of the tobacco mosaic virus
(TMV), the characterization of its infection mechanisms and the factors that determine their …

Saline lakes have developed worldwide throughout geological history and continue to
develop, is important for understanding deep-time climate evolution, lake evolution and …

The geological preservation of lipids from the cell membranes of organisms bestows a
precious record of ancient life, especially for the Precambrian eon (> 542 million years ago) …

Microorganisms inhabiting terrestrial endolithic habitats are widespread in polar
environments including the Antarctic Dry Valleys and the Canadian high Arctic. Their ability …