Research and development activities on standalone systems of membrane bioreactors and
electrochemical reactors for wastewater treatment have been intensified recently. However …

Membrane bioreactors (MBRs) have been widely used for municipal and industrial
wastewater treatment around the world due to their advantages, which include higher …

Large volumes of water are generated in gas-and oil-production. This includes the water that
is present originally in the reservoirs, but also water that is injected into the wells. While …

This comprehensive review focuses on treatment technologies for produced water, with a
particular emphasis on membrane-based systems. These systems offer significant …

Oily wastewater is generated from various sources within the petrochemical industry,
including extraction, refining and processing, storage, and transportation. Over the years …

Salinity expressed as total dissolved solids (TDS), is the most challenging parameter in
bioremediation of produced water which may inhibit the microbial activities and cause …

This study focuses on the development of a hybrid biological reactor for the treatment of
synthetic oilfield produced water. To face increasingly strict regulations concerning …

This book promotes the proper management and utilization of industrial waste, delivering in-
depth, state-of-the-art information on the physicochemical properties, chemical composition …

Crude–oil extraction leads to the production of water, called produced water (PW). PW–flow
rate increases along with the time of operation, up to more than 20 times the flow rate of …

Produced water is responsible for the largest contribution in terms of waste stream volume
associated with the production of oil and gas. Characterization of produced water is very …