Interferon (IFN)-λ, a type III interferon (IFN), is a member of a new family of pleotropic
cytokines that share high similarity with classical IFNs α and β (IFN-α/β), type I IFNs. IFN-λ …

Rotavirus is the most common cause of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in young children.
Bacillus clausii (B. clausii) is a spore-forming probiotic that is able to colonize the gut. A …

Coronaviruses (CoVs) are a family of the largest RNA viruses that typically cause
respiratory, enteric, and hepatic diseases in animals and humans, imposing great threats to …

The coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 caused the COVID-19 global pandemic leading to 5.3 million
deaths worldwide as of December 2021. The human intestine was found to be a major viral …

IFN-λ is the newly established type III IFN with unique immunomodulatory functions. In
contrast to the IFN-α/β family and to some extent IFN-γ, IFN-λ is apparently acting in specific …

Abstract Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus (PEDV) poses a significant threat to neonatal
piglets, particularly due to the limited efficacy of existing vaccines and the scarcity of …

Type I (α and β) and type III (λ) interferons (IFNs) induce the expression of a large set of
antiviral effector molecules via their respective surface membrane receptors. Whereas most …

Infection induces the production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines such as
interleukin-8 (IL-8) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Although they facilitate local antiviral immunity …

As the largest mucosal surface, the gastrointestinal (GI) tract plays a key role in protecting
the host against pathogen infections. It is a first line of defense against enteric viruses and …

Low-cost high-throughput methods applicable to any virus strain are required for screening
antiviral compounds against multiple field strains. Colorimetric cell-viability assays are used …