Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is a common finding on spine imaging that increases
in prevalence with age. IVD degeneration is a frequent cause of low back pain, which is a …

Background: Chronic axial spinal pain is one of the major causes of significant disability and
health care costs, with facet joints as one of the proven causes of pain. Objective: To provide …

Mechanical loading is an important factor in musculoskeletal health and disease. Tendons
and ligaments require physiological levels of mechanical loading to develop and maintain …

Chronic low back pain (CLBP), lasting> 3 months, is the end result of multiple pathogenic
factors. Unfortunately, little is known about CLBP pathogenesis, which limits its …

Degenerative disc disease is a leading cause of chronic back pain in the aging population in
the world. Sinuvertebral nerve and basivertebral nerve are postulated to be associated with …

The healing of vascularized mammalian tissue injuries initiate with hemostasis and clotting
as part of biological defense system leading to the formation of a fibrin clot in which activated …

Abstract Purpose of Review The endplates form the interface between the rigid vertebral
bodies and compliant intervertebral discs. Proper endplate function involves a balance …

BACKGROUND: The use of bone marrow concentrate (BMC) for treatment of
musculoskeletal disorders has become increasingly popular over the last several years, as …

Despite considerable efforts to develop cellular, molecular, and structural repair strategies
and restore intervertebral disk function after injury, the basic biology underlying …

Background Damaged or degenerated vertebral endplates are a significant cause of
vertebrogenic chronic low back pain (CLBP). Modic changes are one objective MRI …