Here, we provide an update of our review on homeobox genes that we wrote together with
Walter Gehring in 1994. Since then, comprehensive surveys of homeobox genes have …

Polycomb group (PcG) and trithorax group (trxG) proteins are critical regulators of numerous
developmental genes. To silence or activate gene expression, respectively, PcG and trxG …

Tardigrada, a phylum of meiofaunal organisms, have been at the center of discussions of the
evolution of Metazoa, the biology of survival in extreme environments, and the role of …

Although all bilaterian animals have a related set of Hox genes, the genomic organization of
this gene complement comes in different flavors. In some unrelated species, Hox genes are …

The family of Hox genes, which number 4 to 48 per genome depending on the animal,
control morphologies on the main body axis of nearly all metazoans. The conventional …

Systematics has developed rapidly during the past two decades. A multitude of new
methods and contributions from a diversity of biological fields including molecular genetics …

The Hippo/YAP pathway plays an important role in animal organ size control, which it exerts
by regulating tissue proliferation and apoptosis rates as a response to developmental cues …

Recent transcriptome and genome projects have dramatically expanded the biological data
available across the phylum Nematoda. Here we summarize analyses of these sequences …

Background Parasitism is a major ecological niche for a variety of nematodes. Multiple
nematode lineages have specialized as pathogens, including deadly parasites of insects …

The skin of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is composed of a simple epidermal
epithelium and overlying cuticle. The skin encloses the animal and plays central roles in …