As the preferred medium for tunnel energy storage system (TESS), lithium-ion batteries
(LIBs) are widely used in tunnel lighting, ventilation, fire protection, monitoring, and …

Sealing the tunnel entrance is one of tactic for railway tunnel firefighting. In order to
understand the effect of tunnel entrance sealing ratio on fire behavior, Computational Fluid …

Railroad transportation has been widely adopted and developed in recent years. In
particular, many railroads have been built on complex terrains such as plateaus and …

In this study, simple analysis, numerical simulations and verified experiments are conducted
to investigate the smoke backlayering length in inclined tunnel fires under natural …

A series of experiments were carried out in a model-scale tunnel [72 m (length)× 1.5 m
(width)× 1.3 m (height)] to investigate the buoyant flow stratification behaviors in a tunnel fire …

The present study investigates the maximum temperature and smoke back-layering length S
in the downhill direction from the fire source in a tilted tunnel under natural ventilation …

This paper investigates experimentally the thermal buoyant smoke back-layering flow length
beneath the tunnel ceiling with combination ceiling extraction and longitudinal ventilation …

Tilted tunnel fire under natural ventilation has been discussed. Smoke movement in a scale
tunnel model of length 8 m, width 1.5 m and height 1 m was studied. Air temperature …

Experiments based on Froude scaling law were conducted in a 1/10 reduced-scale model
tunnel to investigate the effect of slope on critical velocity in tunnel with longitudinal …

Fire smoke in a tunnel fire is a key factor causing casualties, thus the critical longitudinal
ventilation velocity is a key parameter in tunnel fire safety ventilation design. The correlation …