Purinergic signalling, ie, the role of nucleotides as extracellular signalling molecules, was
proposed in 1972. However, this concept was not well accepted until the early 1990's when …

The mammalian retina provides an excellent opportunity to study glia–neuron interactions
and the interactions of glia with blood vessels. Three main types of glial cells are found in …

Diabetic retinopathy is a common complication of diabetes mellitus, which appears in one
third of all diabetic patients and is a prominent cause of vision loss. First discovered as a …

Neonatal hypoxia-ischaemia (HI) is the most common cause of death and disability in
human neonates, and is often associated with persistent motor, sensory, and cognitive …

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a neurodegenerative disease of the aging
retina, in which patients experience severe vision loss. Therapies available to patients are …

The retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) are the output cells of the retina into the brain. In
mammals, these cells are not able to regenerate their axons after optic nerve injury, leaving …

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a serious microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus that is
closely associated with the degeneration and loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) caused …

Ectonucleotidase-mediated ATP catabolism provides a powerful mechanism to control the
levels of extracellular adenosine. While increased adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) …

Although the exact pathogenetic mechanisms leading to age-related macular degeneration
(AMD) have not been clearly identified, oxidative damage in the retina and choroid due to an …

Cataract is the leading cause of blindness worldwide and surgery is the only option to treat
the disease. Although the surgery is considered to be relatively safe, complications may …