Background Recently, the hallmarks of aging were updated to include dysbiosis, disabled
macroautophagy, and chronic inflammation. In particular, the low-grade chronic …

The Ser and Thr kinase AKT, also known as protein kinase B (PKB), was discovered 25
years ago and has been the focus of tens of thousands of studies in diverse fields of biology …

Commencing with the breakdown of immune tolerance, multiple pathogenic factors,
including synovial inflammation and harmful cytokines, are conjointly involved in the …

The most immune cells infiltrating tumor microenvironment (TME), tumor‐associated
macrophages (TAMs) closely resemble immunosuppressive M2‐polarized macrophages …

Macrophages become activated initiating innate immune responses. Depending on the
signals, macrophages obtain an array of activation phenotypes, described by the broad …

OA is now well accepted as a low-grade inflammatory disease affecting the whole joint. In
addition to mechanical loading, inflammation (particularly synovitis), contributes significantly …

Obesity is a global epidemic representing a serious public health burden as it is a major risk
factor for the development of cardiovascular disease, stroke and all-cause mortality. Chronic …

Cartilage lesions and osteoarthritis (OA) presents an ever-increasing clinical and
socioeconomic burden. Synovial inflammation and articular inflammatory environment are …

Objectives To investigate the roles and regulatory mechanisms of synovial macrophages
and their polarisation in the development of osteoarthritis (OA). Methods Synovial tissues …

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a prototype of lethal, chronic, progressive interstitial
lung disease of unknown etiology. Over the past decade, macrophage has been recognized …