Off-site construction has gained more attention from both academia and industry during the
last few years. Modular construction is one of the most efficient off-site construction methods …

This paper provides a review on three streams of life cycle studies that have been frequently
applied to evaluate the environmental impacts of building construction with a major focus on …

This review summarizes and organizes the literature on life cycle assessment (LCA), life
cycle energy analysis (LCEA) and life cycle cost analysis (LCCA) studies carried out for …

In the context of built environment, buildings are amongst the principal generators of
environmental externalities. Life Cycle Assessment (LCAs) of energy efficiency and …

Traditional on-site and modular off-site methods are the main construction methods in the
residential building sector. Regardless of different advantages and disadvantages offered by …

The continuous developments of Building Information Modelling (BIM) in Architecture,
Engineering and Construction (AEC) industry supported by the advancements in material …

Since the field of environmental assessment tools for buildings is vast, the aim of this study is
to clarify that field by analysing and categorising existing tools. The differences between the …

The embodied carbon emissions of buildings are increasingly important to mitigate. Most of
these emissions come from structural systems. While many strategies have been identified …

Modular construction practices are used in many countries as an alternative to conventional
on‐site construction for residential homes. While modular home construction has certain …

Research on digitizing the various aspects of a typical building project has been on the
increase since the advent of Building Information Modelling (BIM). Most efforts build on …