Since its introduction as a treatment for strabismus, botulinum toxin (BoNT) has had a
phenomenal journey and is now recommended as first-line treatment for focal dystonia …

Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are potent inhibitors of synaptic vesicle fusion and
transmitter release. The natural target of BoNTs is the peripheral neuromuscular junction …

Background Spasticity is present in more than 80% of the population with cerebral palsy
(CP). The aim of this study was to describe and compare the use of three spasticity reducing …

Clostridium botulinum is the main causative agent of botulism, a neurological disease
encountered in humans as well as animals. Nine types of botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) …

Highlights•The somatosensory cortices and the insula are implicated in premonitory
urges.•The insula may serve as a gateway between premonitory urges and …

Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) show increasing therapeutic applications ranging from
treatment of locally paralyzed muscles to cosmetic benefits. At first, in the 1970s, BoNT was …

Two decades after reports of the anti-pruritic effects of botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs), there
is still no approved product for the anti-itch indication of BoNTs, and most clinical case …

Бруксизм–стереотипные движения нижней челюсти, сопровождающиеся трением или
сжатием зубов. Бруксизм имеет 2 циркадных проявления: во время сна (ночной …

Abstract Background Botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) has been used to reduce spasticity in
children with cerebral palsy (CP) for decades. The purpose of this study was to analyze to …

Abstract Background and Purpose Atopic dermatitis is a common chronic pruritic
inflammatory disease of the skin involving neuro‐immune communication. Neuronal …