Members of the APOBEC family of cellular cytidine deaminases represent a recently
identified group of proteins that provide immunity to infection by retroviruses and protect the …

Understanding the factors that shape viral evolution is critical for developing effective
antiviral strategies, accurately predicting viral evolution, and preventing pandemics. One …

Apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide-like (APOBEC) proteins are a
diverse and evolutionarily conserved family of cytidine deaminases that provide a variety of …

The human cytidine deaminase Apobec3F (h-A3F), a protein related to the previously
recognized antiviral factor Apobec3G (h-A3G), has antiviral activity against human …

ABSTRACT APOBEC3G and APOBEC3F restrict human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-
1) replication in vitro through the induction of G→ A hypermutation; however, the relevance …

Despite the development of antiretroviral therapy against HIV, eradication of the virus from
the body, as a means to a cure, remains in progress. A “kick and kill” strategy proposes “kick” …

The HIV-1 viral infectivity factor (Vif) protein is essential for viral replication. Vif recruits
cellular ElonginB/C-Cullin5 E3 ubiquitin ligase to target the host antiviral protein …

Objective: Autophagy, an important antiviral process triggered during HIV-1 entry by gp41-
dependent membrane fusion, is repressed in infected CD4+ T cells by an unknown …

Proteasomal degradation pathways play a central role in regulating a variety of protein
functions by controlling not only their turnover but also the physiological behavior of the cell …

The Vif protein of HIV is essential for the effective propagation of this pathogenic retrovirus in
vivo. Vif acts by preventing virion encapsidation of two potent antiviral factors, the …