Electric probe methods for diagnostics of plasmas are reviewed with emphasis on the link
between the appropriate probe theories and the instrumental design. The starting point is an …

The field of electron kinetics in extremely nonequilibrium glow discharge plasma is
reviewed, starting from the classical works of Langmuir. It is shown that it is only in terms of …

Incoherent Thomson scattering (ITS) has a long history of application for the determination of
electron density and temperature in dense fusion plasmas, and in recent years, has been …

Magnetron plasma processes involving metal atoms and clusters are reviewed. The
formation of metal atoms near the cathode and their nucleation in a buffer gas flow are …

Spokes are long wavelength oscillations observed in the magnetized region of direct current
magnetron sputtering (DCMS), high power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS), as well …

The ionization of sputtered species in high power impulse magnetron sputtering of titanium,
chromium, and aluminum targets is analyzed using Abel-inverted spectroscopic imaging to …

Methods for inferring the electron distribution function (EDF) from a probe current–voltage
trace are reviewed for moderate-collisional plasma. The explicit accounting of particle …

It was shown that the spectrum of Penning electrons in a nonlocal equipotential plasma is
associated with the second derivative of their current to a wall electrode (sensor). Analytical …

In high power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) bright plasma spots are observed
during the discharge pulses that rotate with velocities in the order of 10 km s− 1 in front of the …

Electron energy distributions EED in strongly magnetized (0.3 T), low-pressure (0.2 Pa)
helium plasmas of the toroidal device ''Blaamann''K. Rypdal et al., Plasma Phys. Controlled …