Early life stress–including experience of child maltreatment, neglect, separation from or loss
of a parent, and other forms of adversity–increases lifetime risk of mood, anxiety, and …

Early life stress (ELS), such as abuse and neglect during childhood, can lead to psychiatric
disorders in later life. Previous studies have suggested that ELS can cause profound …

Early life stress (ELS) developmental effects have been widely studied by preclinical
researchers. Despite the growing body of evidence from ELS models, such as the maternal …

Neurological conditions, including cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease (AD),
impose a huge burden on society, affecting millions of people globally. In addition to genetic …

Postnatal brain development is studded with sensitive periods during which experience
dependent plasticity is enhanced. This enables rapid learning from environmental inputs …

We promote the perspective that puberty, a separate biological process embedded in
adolescence, is a “window of opportunity” for understanding and impacting health and …

Background: Maternal care refers to the behavior performed by the dam to nourish and
protect her litter during its early development. Frequent and high-quality performance of …

Sex as a biological variable (SABV) is critical for understanding the broad range of
physiological, neurobiological, and behavioral consequences of early life adversity (ELA) …

Disrupted operation of the reward circuitry underlies many aspects of affective disorders.
Such disruption may manifest as aberrant behavior including risk taking, depression …

Background In humans, accumulated adverse experiences during childhood increase the
risk of anxiety disorders and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. In rodents, the ventral …