The development of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is revolutionizing the way we think
about cancer treatment. Even so, for most types of cancer, only a minority of patients …

Investigations into the interaction between radiotherapy and the host immune system have
uncovered new mechanisms that can potentially be exploited to improve the efficacy of …

Developing strategies to inflame tumors is critical for increasing response to immunotherapy.
Here, we report that low-dose radiotherapy (LDRT) of murine tumors promotes T-cell …

Lethal hit delivery by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) towards B lymphoma cells occurs as a
binary,“yes/no” process. In non-hematologic solid tumors, however, CTL often fail to kill …

Focal radiation therapy enhances systemic responses to anti-CTLA-4 antibodies in
preclinical studies and in some patients with melanoma,–, but its efficacy in inducing …

In a large proportion of cancer patients, CD8 T cells are excluded from the vicinity of cancer
cells. The inability of CD8 T cells to reach tumor cells is considered an important mechanism …

Radiotherapy has been used for more than a hundred years as a local tumor treatment. The
occurrence of systemic antitumor effects manifesting as regression of tumors outside of the …

Cancer immunotherapy is now established as a powerful way to treat cancer. The recent
clinical success of immune checkpoint blockade (antagonists of CTLA-4, PD-1 and PD-L1) …

Interferon gamma (IFNγ) is a key moderator of cell-mediated immunity with diverse, mainly
pro-inflammatory actions on immunocytes and target tissue. Recent studies have shown it …

Determining mechanisms of resistance to αPD-1/PD-L1 immune-checkpoint immunotherapy
is key to developing new treatment strategies. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) have …