Trained immunity is a long-term increase in responsiveness of innate immune cells, induced
by certain infections and vaccines. During the last 3 years of the COVID-19 pandemic …

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a viral infection with the novel severe acute
respiratory distress syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Until now, more than 670 …

Rare immune-mediated cardiac tissue inflammation can occur after vaccination, including
after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines. However, the underlying immune cellular and molecular …

Early safety findings from v-safe and the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System for
bivalent booster doses administered to persons aged≥ 12 years during the first 7 weeks of …

Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) mRNA vaccines are the mainstays of mass vaccination
campaigns in most Western countries. However, the emergency conditions in which their …

Background Evidence indicates that mRNA COVID-19 vaccination is associated with risk of
myocarditis and possibly pericarditis, especially in young males. It is not clear if risk differs …

Background Novel mRNA-based vaccines have been used to protect against SARS-CoV-2,
especially in vulnerable populations who also receive an annual influenza vaccination. The …

Each injection of any known vaccine results in a strong expression of pro-inflammatory
cytokines. This is the result of the innate immune system activation, without which no …

Objective To summarise the available evidence on the risk of myocarditis and/or pericarditis
following mRNA COVID-19 vaccination, compared with the risk among unvaccinated …

Myocarditis as cardiac involvement in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19)‐infection is
well known. Real‐world data about incidence in hospitalized COVID‐19‐patients and risk …