Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptor (S1PR) modulators have a complex mechanism of
action, which are among the most efficient therapeutic options in multiple sclerosis (MS) and …

Cardiac autonomic dysfunction (CAD) has been reported in patients with multiple sclerosis
(MS). This systematic review summarizes the evidence for the types and prevalence of CAD …

Cardiac tests generally use an electrocardiograph, the results of which are used by medical
teams to diagnose heart conditions. Individual ECG examination is held in a health care …

Objectives To investigate differences in beat-to-beat systolic blood pressure variability
(SBPV) in people with secondary progressive MS (pwSPMS), clinically isolated syndrome …

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between changes in the
autonomic control of cardiorespiratory system induced by walk tests and outcome measures …

Objective To evaluate the relationship between visit-to-visit systolic blood pressure
variability (SBPv) and fatigue symptoms in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) patients. Methods This is …

Background Relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) is a demyelinating disease of
the central nervous system and cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction has been well …

Purpose Cardiac autonomic dysfunction has been reported in patients with long-standing
multiple sclerosis (MS); however, data in early disease are limited. The present study was …

Vitamin D is a pleiotropic steroid hormone that modulates the autonomic balance. Its
deficiency has been described as an environmental risk factor for multiple sclerosis (MS) …

Aims A long-term high-fat/cholesterol (HFC) diet leads to hepatic insulin resistance (IR),
which is associated with autonomic dysfunction and cardiovascular diseases risk increasing …