Theoretical work argues that citizens gain important symbolic benefits when they are
represented by gender-inclusive institutions. Despite the centrality of this claim in the …

Women remain underrepresented in cabinets, especially in high-prestige,“masculine”
portfolios. Still, a growing number of states have appointed women to the finance ministry—a …

Under what conditions do citizens most effectively connect to the democratic process? We
tend to think that factors like education, income, and workforce participation are most …

Corruption is sustained by powerful male networks, reinforcing women's exclusion from
politics. Yet, contrary to this conventional wisdom, we theorize that corruption can sometimes …

How does the symbolic power of a female president affect female parliamentary behavior?
Whereas female descriptive representation has increased around the world, women …

Whilst maintaining its status as an economic engine in Europe, Germany has historically
been a laggard in adopting gender equality measures. The European Gender Equality …

Scholarly investigations have greatly advanced our understanding of gender stereotypes as
they pertain to leadership roles. However, an examination of citizens' evaluations of the …

The recent world-wide trend of female chief executives struggling to maintain public support
while facing corruption allegations and scandals poses the question of whether female …

How does the near-exclusion of working-class citizens from legislatures affect citizens'
perceptions of representation? We argue that when groups of people are continually denied …

We examine the role of societal modernization and women's political empowerment in
generating support for women politicians amongst citizens. Using a global analysis of 116 …