Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are generated from
aerobic metabolism, as a result of accidental electron leakage as well as regulated …

Abstract Thioredoxins (Trxs), glutaredoxins (Grxs), and peroxiredoxins (Prxs) have been
characterized as electron donors, guards of the intracellular redox state, and “antioxidants” …

The thioredoxin (Trx) system comprises Trx, truncated Trx (Trx-80), Trx reductase, and
NADPH, besides a natural Trx inhibitor, the thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP). This …

Although substantial improvements have been made in majority of cardiac disorders, heart
failure (HF) remains a major health problem, with both increasing incidence and prevalence …

Inherited retinal dystrophies (IRDs) are a large group of genetically and clinically
heterogeneous diseases characterized by the progressive degeneration of the retina …

Significance: Nitric oxide (NO) regulates a diverse range of cellular processes, including
vasodilation, neurotransmission, and antimicrobial and anti-tumor activities. S-nitrosylation …

Thioredoxin 1 (Trx 1) is a 12-kDa protein with redox-active dithiol in the active site–Cys–Gly–
Pro–Cys–that is ubiquitously present in the human body. Trx 1 is a defensive protein …

Rationale Mineral particles in the lung cause inflammation and silicosis. In myeloid and
bronchial epithelial cells the inflammasome plays a role in responses to crystalline silica …

Mammalian thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) is a selenoprotein with three existing isoenzymes
(TrxR1, TrxR2, and TrxR3), which is found primarily intracellularly but also in extracellular …

Review critically examines the hypothesis that molecular chaperones from prokaryotic and
eukaryotic sources can be secreted by cells and function as intercellular signaling …