Osteocalcin is among the most abundant proteins in bone and is produced exclusively by
osteoblasts. Initially believed to be an inhibitor of bone mineralization, recent studies …

The protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) superfamily of enzymes functions in a coordinated
manner with protein tyrosine kinases to control signalling pathways that underlie a broad …

Protein phosphatases are the essential opposite to protein kinases; together, these enzymes
regulate all protein phosphorylation and most cellular processes. To better understand the …

The broad expression of the insulin receptor suggests that the spectrum of insulin function
has not been fully described. A cell type expressing this receptor is the osteoblast, a bone …

The regulation of bone remodeling by an adipocyte-derived hormone implies that bone may
exert a feedback control of energy homeostasis. To test this hypothesis we looked for genes …

The skeleton has recently emerged as an endocrine organ implicated in the regulation of
glucose and energy metabolism. This function of bone is mediated, at least in part, by …

Objective To review the recent evidence that has emerged supporting the role of bone as an
endocrine organ. Methods This review will detail how bone has emerged as a bona fide …

The finding that fat regulates bone metabolism was viewed as an indication that bone might
regulate some aspects of energy metabolism in a feedback loop. The search that started …

Osteocalcin is the most abundant noncollagenous protein of bone matrix. Once transcribed,
this protein undergoes posttranslational modifications within osteoblastic cells before its …

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) continue to be a major public health problem around the
world that frequently presents with microvascular and macrovascular complications …