Parallel evolution across replicate populations has provided evolutionary biologists with
iconic examples of adaptation. When multiple populations colonize seemingly similar …

Anthropogenic habitat alteration creates novel environments that can alter selection
pressures. Construction of reservoirs worldwide has disturbed riverine ecosystems by …

Highlights•Zebrafish were selectively bred for bold or shy behavioural traits.•Selection for
boldness resulted in higher fast-start swimming performance.•Selection for boldness …

Understanding population-level responses to novel selective pressures can elucidate
evolutionary consequences of human-altered habitats. Stream impoundments (reservoirs) …

Human activities reduce biodiversity but may also drive diversification by modifying
selection. Urbanization alters stream hydrology by increasing peak water velocities, which …

Environments shape the traits of organisms. Environmental variation may rarely alter
selection on only a few traits, but instead precipitate wholesale changes of the …

Populations experiencing consistent differences in predation risk and resource availability
are expected to follow divergent evolutionary trajectories. For example, live-history theory …

Speciation research during the last several decades has confirmed that natural selection
frequently drives the generation of new species. But how does this process generally unfold …

The large number of cryptic species and extensive intraspecific phenotypic plasticity among
freshwater fishes pose a challenge to the correct assessment of diversity within these taxa …

Natural selection often results in profound differences in body shape among populations
from divergent selective environments. Predation is a well-studied driver of divergence, with …